C CalcMates
Electricity

Solar Panel Output Calculator

Estimate daily and annual kWh output from a solar array given its size, peak sun hours and system losses.

Annual output ≈ system size (kW) × peak sun hours × system efficiency × 365. A 6.6 kW system in a location averaging 4.5 peak sun hours at 80% efficiency produces about 8,672 kWh/year.

Calculator

Estimated annual output

How it works

Peak sun hours represent the equivalent number of hours at full 1,000 W/m² irradiance per day — it converts variable sunshine into a single daily multiplier. Multiplying by system size gives theoretical output, then the efficiency factor deducts real-world losses (inverter conversion, wiring, panel temperature, soiling and shading).

Worked example

6.6 kW × 4.5 h × 0.80 = 23.76 kWh/day. × 365 = 8,672 kWh/year. At 30 ¢/kWh that's about $2,600/year in avoided electricity cost.

Assumptions & limitations

Uses a flat annual average for peak sun hours — output is higher in summer and lower in winter. Real production depends on panel orientation, tilt, shading, and inverter clipping if the array is oversized relative to the inverter.

Frequently asked questions

What are peak sun hours for my location?

In Australia: roughly 4–5 hours in southern capitals (Melbourne, Hobart), 5–6 in northern areas (Brisbane, Darwin). Look up your exact figure on the BOM solar exposure page or use PVWatts for international locations.

Why not 100% efficiency?

Every real system has losses: the inverter (3–5%), wiring (1–2%), panel temperature above 25 °C (5–15%), soiling/dust (2–5%), and any shading. Combined, 75–85% efficiency is realistic for a well-installed system.

Is this the output I can use or the total produced?

Total produced. How much you actually use (self-consumption) depends on when you use power relative to when the panels produce it. Unused daytime production is exported to the grid at a lower feed-in tariff.

Last updated 21 June 2026

Related calculators